The English game brag (earlier bragg) clearly descended from brelan and incorporated bluffing (though the concept was known in other games by that time). It is commonly regarded as sharing ancestry with the Renaissance game of primero and the French brelan. Yet it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names. Pokah) ('Pocket') or even the French poque, which descended from the German pochen ('to brag as a bluff' lit. The name of the game likely descended from the Irish Poca (Pron. There is evidence that a game called poque, a French game similar to poker, was played around the region where poker is said to have originated. Foster wrote: 'the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the Persian game of as nas.' By 1990s some gaming historians including David Parlett started to challenge the notion that poker is a direct derivative of As Nas. In the 1937 edition of Foster's Complete Hoyle, R. Poker closely resembles the Persian game of As Nas, though there is no specific description of nas prior to 1890. One of the earliest known games to incorporate betting, hand rankings, and bluffing was the 15th century German game Pochspiel. The history of poker is a matter of debate.